From smallpox to polio: how vaccines changed the world

March 20, 2025

In the battlefield of human history, no enemy has claimed more lives than disease. Wars have reshaped borders and toppled empires, but microscopic invaders have wiped out civilizations.

“Nuclear weapons and war have killed fewer people than disease worldwide,” said William Parker III, Ph.D., an affiliate professor of History at Metropolitan State University of Denver.

Parker specializes in molecular biology and microbiology with a focus on epidemiology and has worked at the Pentagon and in combat around the globe. He says vaccines are arguably one of the greatest weapons ever developed to turn the tide in the ongoing fight for human health.

Read more at MSU Denver.

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